The Hong Kong scoliosis screening programme has screened around 2 million children or above since its inception in 1995/2006. It aims to detect the curve progression in patients suffering from AIS. Children with various degrees of curvature could be referred to a specialized clinic for diagnosis and regular monitoring so that appropriate treatment can be delivered on time. A total of 394,401 students from the age of 10 until they were 19 years old attended a two-tier screening protocol developed by the Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology of the University of Hong Kong. The first and the largest population-based study demonstrates scoliosis screening is effective to identify AIS patients at early stages to reduce the risk of invasive spinal fusion surgery. Using forward bending test and measuring angle of trunk rotation (ATR) with scoliometer, student found with an ATR of 5 degree or greater but less than 15 degree would be screened by moire topography. Students with a difference of two or more moire lines between the left and right sides of the back or presenting with concomitant significant clinical signs of spinal deformity would be referred for radiographic diagnosis. Among the 394,401 students, 9,726, 3.2% were referred for radiography and 12,536, 4.1% were referred when significant clinical signs, including uneven shoulder height, pelvic tilt, rib or loin hump, or scapular prominence and truncal shift, were detected. Curvature was found to be the most important predictor in classifying patients into different risks of progression, health care management of AIS patients can be made more efficient. Industrial impact – After we demonstrated the success of the Hong Kong scoliosis screening programme, there has been an interest to the industry in developing innovative strategies for further enhancing the clinical effectiveness of the existing screening methods. The company SpineScan3D developed a novel intelligent smartphone based measuring tool for the degree of scoliosis. The work was in collaboration with our team at HKU (http://www.spinescan3d.com/).